Is the speaker saying greatest common denominator or greatest common divisor?

Yes, in this context, "greatest common factor" is being used for what is more commonly called the greatest common divisor in many modern texts. The mathematical procedure shown is the same subtraction-based Euclidean algorithm.

Conditions: Used informally in the explanation of why the algorithm works.

To find the GCF by listing factors, list all positive factors of the first number, list all positive factors of the second number, identify the factors that appear in both lists, and select the largest number from the common factors.

Conditions: The inputs are positive integers.; Listing is practical for the small examples; it is not asserted to be the fastest method.

To start the Euclidean algorithm for $\gcd(10,45)$, you write the larger number as the smaller number multiplied by an unknown quotient plus an unknown remainder. Specifically, you set up the division equation $45 = 10 \cdot q + r$.

Conditions: The inputs are positive integers.; The larger number is placed on the left-hand side of the equation.; The quotient is an integer and the remainder satisfies $0 \le r < 10$.

To find the greatest common divisor of two large numbers, repeatedly apply the division-with-remainder step. Start by dividing the larger number by the smaller number.

Conditions: The inputs are two positive integers.; The division algorithm is applied at each step.; The process stops when a remainder equals 0.

In the Euclidean algorithm, when the division process yields a remainder of zero, the greatest common divisor of the original two integers is the last non-zero remainder obtained. The algorithm stops at this point because the method is over, and the last non-zero remainder is guaranteed to divide both original numbers evenly.

Conditions: The Euclidean algorithm is applied to two integers.; The process of repeated long division is followed until a remainder of zero is reached.