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Answers for “为什么特征缩放在机器学习中很重要?”

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Standardization (or Z-score normalization) is a linear transformation that centers the data around zero and scales it to have a standard deviation of one. It subtracts the mean of the feature from each data point and divides by the standard deviation.

Conditions: Applied to a continuous numerical feature.; Requires knowing the mean and standard deviation of the feature.; The standard deviation must not be zero (to avoid division by zero).

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Gradient descent is an optimization algorithm used to minimize a cost function by iteratively updating the model parameters in the opposite direction of the gradient of the cost function with respect to those parameters.

Conditions: The cost function J must be differentiable with respect to the parameters θ\theta.; The learning rate α\alpha must be chosen appropriately to ensure convergence.

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Min-max normalization is a linear transformation that scales the raw feature values to a fixed range, typically [0, 1]. It subtracts the minimum value of the feature from each data point and then divides by the range (maximum minus minimum).

Conditions: Applied to a continuous numerical feature.; Requires knowing the minimum and maximum values of the feature.; The maximum and minimum values must not be equal (to avoid division by zero).