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Answers for “如何使用图表直观地理解正规子群?”

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A normal subgroup (also called an invariant subgroup) is a subgroup H of a group G such that all conjugates of every element in H belong to H. Algebraically, this condition is expressed as gHg−1=HgHg^{-1} = H for any element gg in G.

Conditions: H is a subgroup of G; The condition must hold for all elements in H; The condition must hold for all elements g in G

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In the context of group theory, gHgH represents the left coset of the subgroup H with respect to the element g, while HgHg represents the right coset of H with respect to g. For a normal subgroup, these two sets are identical.

Conditions: H is a subgroup of G; g is an element of the group G

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No, replacing the representative element g with another element g' from the same coset does not yield a different coset. If g' belongs to the same coset as g (i.e., g′∈gHg' \in gH), then the coset generated by g' is identical to the coset generated by g (g′H=gHg'H = gH).

Conditions: g and g' are both elements of the group G; g' and g belong to the same coset