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Binary variables $Y_i$ are introduced to model the activation status of each machine. They take the value 1 if machine $i$ is used and 0 otherwise.

Conditions: The problem involves machines with fixed setup costs.; Production quantities are continuous variables.; The goal is to minimize total cost including both variable and fixed components.

Binary variables $Y_i$ are introduced to model the activation status of each machine. They take the value 1 if machine $i$ is used and 0 otherwise.

Conditions: The problem involves machines with fixed setup costs.; Production quantities are continuous variables.; The goal is to minimize total cost including both variable and fixed components.