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Answers for “为什么数列 a_n = (-1)^n 在 epsilon-N 定义下不收敛于 L=1?”

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Euler's totient function is multiplicative, meaning φ(nm)=φ(n)φ(m)\varphi(nm) = \varphi(n)\varphi(m) whenever gcd⁡(n,m)=1\gcd(n, m) = 1. In the prime factorization of nn, the factors pikip_i^{k_i} are powers of distinct primes.

Conditions: n=p1k1p2k2⋯pmkmn = p_1^{k_1}p_2^{k_2}\cdots p_m^{k_m} is the prime factorization of nn.; pip_i are distinct prime numbers.; φ\varphi is multiplicative for coprime integers.