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The column $(x - \bar{x})(y - \bar{y})$ represents the product of the x-deviation and the y-deviation for each observation. It is used to build the numerator of the least-squares slope formula, capturing how x and y vary together relative to their means.

Conditions: The x-deviations and y-deviations have been computed for each row.; The data set consists of paired observations.

The column $(x - \bar{x})(y - \bar{y})$ represents the product of the x-deviation and the y-deviation for each observation. It is used to build the numerator of the least-squares slope formula, capturing how x and y vary together relative to their means.

Conditions: The x-deviations and y-deviations have been computed for each row.; The data set consists of paired observations.

The y-deviations are calculated by subtracting the sample mean of the y-values, $\bar{y}=4$, from each individual y observation in the table. This produces a column of signed deviations measuring how far each point lies above or below the horizontal mean line.

Conditions: The y-values in the table are 2, 4, 5, 4, and 5.; The sample mean $\bar{y}$ has been computed as 4.

The y-deviations are calculated by subtracting the sample mean of the y-values, $\bar{y}=4$, from each individual y observation in the table. This produces a column of signed deviations measuring how far each point lies above or below the horizontal mean line.

Conditions: The y-values in the table are 2, 4, 5, 4, and 5.; The sample mean $\bar{y}$ has been computed as 4.