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Answers for “如何使用初等圆几何而不是求原函数来计算定积分 $\int_{-3}^{3} \sqrt{9-x^2}\,dx$?”

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The definite integral can be evaluated by recognizing that the integrand y=9−x2y = \sqrt{9-x^2} graphs as an upper semicircle of radius 3. Because the function is continuous and nonnegative on [−3,3][-3, 3], the integral equals the ordinary geometric area of this region.

Conditions: The integrand is recognized as the upper semicircle of x2+y2=9x^2+y^2=9.; The function is continuous and nonnegative on the interval [−3,3][-3, 3].; Use the real geometric area formula for a circle.

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The exact value of the definite integral ∫−339−x2 dx\int_{-3}^{3} \sqrt{9-x^2}\,dx is 9π2\frac{9\pi}{2}. This is derived by interpreting the integral as the geometric area of the upper semicircle of a circle with radius 3.

Conditions: Interpret the integral as area under the graph on [−3,3][-3,3].; Recognize the graph as the upper semicircle of radius 3.; Exact equality for the displayed definite integral.