The fundamental theorem relates accumulation and rate of change by stating that if F′(x)=f(x), then the accumulated area A(x) from a fixed point a to x is given by A(x)=F(x)−F(a). It shows that differentiation and integration are inverse processes: the derivative of the accumulation function A(x) recovers the integrand f(x), and antiderivatives allow the evaluation of definite integrals.
Conditions: The function f is continuous.; F is an antiderivative of f (i.e., F′=f).
The fundamental theorem relates accumulation and rate of change by stating that if F′(x)=f(x), then the accumulated area A(x) from a fixed point a to x is given by A(x)=F(x)−F(a). It shows that differentiation and integration are inverse processes: the derivative of the accumulation function A(x) recovers the integrand f(x), and antiderivatives allow the evaluation of definite integrals.
Conditions: The function f is continuous.; F is an antiderivative of f (i.e., F′=f).
To apply the power rule, bring the fixed exponent n down as a coefficient and reduce the exponent by one, yielding f'(x) = nx^{n-1}. The source presents this as an application shortcut for its displayed n=0 examples, deferring proofs to later lessons.
Conditions: n is a fixed real exponent.; Work on x>0 as the common real domain; positive integer powers extend over all real x and negative integer powers exclude x=0.; The source presents n=0; the constant n=0 case is treated separately.
To apply the power rule, bring the fixed exponent n down as a coefficient and reduce the exponent by one, yielding f'(x) = nx^{n-1}. The source presents this as an application shortcut for its displayed n=0 examples, deferring proofs to later lessons.
Conditions: n is a fixed real exponent.; Work on x>0 as the common real domain; positive integer powers extend over all real x and negative integer powers exclude x=0.; The source presents n=0; the constant n=0 case is treated separately.
To find the derivative of a polynomial function like f(x)=x2, identify the exponent n and apply the power rule f'(x) = nx^{n-1}. Bring the exponent down as a coefficient and reduce it by one.
Conditions: n is a fixed real exponent.; Use x>0 as the common real domain; positive integer powers extend over all real x and negative integer powers exclude x=0.; The source presents n=0; the constant n=0 case is treated separately.
To find the derivative of a polynomial function like f(x)=x2, identify the exponent n and apply the power rule f'(x) = nx^{n-1}. Bring the exponent down as a coefficient and reduce it by one.
Conditions: n is a fixed real exponent.; Use x>0 as the common real domain; positive integer powers extend over all real x and negative integer powers exclude x=0.; The source presents n=0; the constant n=0 case is treated separately.
The Taylor series for ex centered at 0 simplifies to sum xn/n! because every derivative of ex is exactly ex. When evaluating the nth derivative at the center x=0, the result is always e0, which equals 1.
The Taylor series for ex centered at 0 simplifies to sum xn/n! because every derivative of ex is exactly ex. When evaluating the nth derivative at the center x=0, the result is always e0, which equals 1.
The constant multiple rule is a special case of the product rule where one factor is a constant c. Geometrically, multiplying a function by a constant scales its output heights (and thus its area strips) by c.
Conditions: c is a constant.; The function f is differentiable.
The constant multiple rule is a special case of the product rule where one factor is a constant c. Geometrically, multiplying a function by a constant scales its output heights (and thus its area strips) by c.
Conditions: c is a constant.; The function f is differentiable.