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Answers for “序列在 $Y$ 处正合意味着什么?”

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Exactness at YY means that the image of the incoming map pp equals the kernel of the outgoing map Y→0Y\to 0. The kernel of the zero map Y→0Y\to 0 is all of YY.

Conditions: X→iZ→pY→0X \xrightarrow{i} Z \xrightarrow{p} Y \to 0 is an exact sequence.; Exactness is defined as im⁡(incoming)=ker⁡(outgoing)\operatorname{im}(\text{incoming}) = \ker(\text{outgoing}) at each internal object.

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In this video, a sequence of modules is exact if, at each middle object, the image of the incoming map equals the kernel of the outgoing map. For the sequence X→iZ→pYX \xrightarrow{i} Z \xrightarrow{p} Y, exactness at ZZ means im⁡(i)=ker⁡(p)\operatorname{im}(i) = \ker(p).

Conditions: The sequence consists of module homomorphisms.; Exactness is checked at each internal object (not the ends, unless specified by zeros).