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Answers for “欧拉函数的一般公式是什么?”

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The general formula for Euler's totient function is φ(n)=n∏i=1m(1−1pi)\varphi(n) = n \prod_{i=1}^{m} \left(1 - \frac{1}{p_i}\right), where p1,p2,…,pmp_1, p_2, \ldots, p_m are the distinct prime factors of nn. This formula is derived by combining the multiplicativity of φ\varphi, the prime power formula φ(pk)=pk−pk−1\varphi(p^k) = p^k - p^{k-1}, and the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.

Conditions: nn is a positive integer greater than 1.; p1,…,pmp_1, \ldots, p_m are all the distinct prime factors of nn.

Understand why

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For a prime number pp, the only positive divisors are 1 and pp itself. Any integer aa in the range from 1 to pp that is not equal to pp will not share the factor pp.

Conditions: pp is a prime number.; φ(p)\varphi(p) is defined as the count of integers from 1 to pp that are coprime to pp.

Understand why

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Euler's totient function is multiplicative, meaning φ(nm)=φ(n)φ(m)\varphi(nm) = \varphi(n)\varphi(m) whenever gcd⁡(n,m)=1\gcd(n, m) = 1. In the prime factorization of nn, the factors pikip_i^{k_i} are powers of distinct primes.

Conditions: n=p1k1p2k2⋯pmkmn = p_1^{k_1}p_2^{k_2}\cdots p_m^{k_m} is the prime factorization of nn.; pip_i are distinct prime numbers.; φ\varphi is multiplicative for coprime integers.

Meet the concept

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Euler's totient function φ(n)\varphi(n) is defined as the number of integers from 1 to nn that are coprime to nn. Two integers are coprime if their greatest common divisor is 1.

Conditions: nn is a positive integer.; The counting range is from 1 to nn inclusive.; Coprimality is determined by the greatest common divisor being 1.

Find a method

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To derive φ(pk)\varphi(p^k), we count the integers from 1 to pkp^k that are coprime to pkp^k. An integer is not coprime to pkp^k if and only if it shares a prime factor with pkp^k.

Conditions: pp is a prime number.; kk is a positive integer (implied by context).; The counting range is from 1 to pkp^k inclusive.