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Calculate the projection $p$ of $y$ onto a line spanned by $v$. Calculate the residual $r = y - p$.

Conditions: $v$ is a nonzero vector defining the line.; $y$ is the vector to be decomposed.

Calculate the projection $p$ of $y$ onto a line spanned by $v$. Calculate the residual $r = y - p$.

Conditions: $v$ is a nonzero vector defining the line.; $y$ is the vector to be decomposed.