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Matrix-vector multiplication in 3D works by scaling the columns of the matrix by the corresponding coordinates of the input vector and summing the results. The coordinates $(x, y, z)$ act as scalar multipliers for the transformed basis vectors (the columns), leveraging the linearity property that preserves addition and scalar multiplication.

Conditions: The matrix is a 3x3 transformation matrix.; The input vector has coordinates $(x, y, z)$.; The transformation is linear.

Matrix-vector multiplication in 3D works by scaling the columns of the matrix by the corresponding coordinates of the input vector and summing the results. The coordinates $(x, y, z)$ act as scalar multipliers for the transformed basis vectors (the columns), leveraging the linearity property that preserves addition and scalar multiplication.

Conditions: The matrix is a 3x3 transformation matrix.; The input vector has coordinates $(x, y, z)$.; The transformation is linear.