Why does the Euclidean algorithm move the old divisor and remainder into the next line?

To form the next division line, you take the divisor from the previous line and make it the dividend of the new line. Then, you take the remainder from the previous line and make it the divisor of the new line.

Conditions: You have just completed a division step in the Euclidean algorithm.; The previous remainder is not 0.

To start the Euclidean algorithm for $\gcd(10,45)$, you write the larger number as the smaller number multiplied by an unknown quotient plus an unknown remainder. Specifically, you set up the division equation $45 = 10 \cdot q + r$.

Conditions: The inputs are positive integers.; The larger number is placed on the left-hand side of the equation.; The quotient is an integer and the remainder satisfies $0 \le r < 10$.

To find the greatest common divisor of two large numbers, repeatedly apply the division-with-remainder step. Start by dividing the larger number by the smaller number.

Conditions: The inputs are two positive integers.; The division algorithm is applied at each step.; The process stops when a remainder equals 0.

In the Euclidean algorithm, when the division process yields a remainder of zero, the greatest common divisor of the original two integers is the last non-zero remainder obtained. The algorithm stops at this point because the method is over, and the last non-zero remainder is guaranteed to divide both original numbers evenly.

Conditions: The Euclidean algorithm is applied to two integers.; The process of repeated long division is followed until a remainder of zero is reached.

In the Euclidean algorithm, the previous divisor becomes the new dividend (placed on the left side of the equation), and the previous remainder becomes the new divisor (placed on the right side). This recursive shift carries the numbers forward so that each step divides the former divisor by the former remainder, continuing until a remainder of zero is reached.

Conditions: The algorithm is applied to positive integers.; The previous remainder is not zero.; The process follows the standard division-with-remainder format $a = b \cdot q + r$.