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When $X$ and $Y$ are independent, knowing one tells you nothing about the other. Mathematically, the joint distribution factors into the product of the marginals, $p(x,y) = p(x) \cdot p(y)$.

Conditions: Applies to the case where $X$ and $Y$ are independent.; The displayed notation uses probability mass functions $p(x)$, $p(y)$, and $p(x,y)$.

When $X$ and $Y$ are independent, knowing one tells you nothing about the other. Mathematically, the joint distribution factors into the product of the marginals, $p(x,y) = p(x) \cdot p(y)$.

Conditions: Applies to the case where $X$ and $Y$ are independent.; The displayed notation uses probability mass functions $p(x)$, $p(y)$, and $p(x,y)$.