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Answers for “什么是最大公约数?”

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To start the Euclidean algorithm for gcd⁡(10,45)\gcd(10,45), you write the larger number as the smaller number multiplied by an unknown quotient plus an unknown remainder. Specifically, you set up the division equation 45=10⋅q+r45 = 10 \cdot q + r.

Conditions: The inputs are positive integers.; The larger number is placed on the left-hand side of the equation.; The quotient is an integer and the remainder satisfies 0≤r<100 \le r < 10.

Understand why

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In the Euclidean algorithm, when the division process yields a remainder of zero, the greatest common divisor of the original two integers is the last non-zero remainder obtained. The algorithm stops at this point because the method is over, and the last non-zero remainder is guaranteed to divide both original numbers evenly.

Conditions: The Euclidean algorithm is applied to two integers.; The process of repeated long division is followed until a remainder of zero is reached.

Understand why

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The example ends with 4 because applying the subtraction rule repeatedly yields 4 as the final value. First, 12−8=412 - 8 = 4, creating the pair 8 and 4.

Conditions: Start with the pair 12 and 8.; Repeatedly subtract the smaller from the larger.

Meet the concept

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It means that the numerator 2 and the denominator 7 have no common positive divisor greater than 1. Their greatest common factor is 1, so the fraction cannot be reduced any further.

Conditions: The fraction is 2/72/7.; The numerator and denominator are positive integers.

Understand why

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Once the new remainder is 0, the division is exact, meaning the current divisor perfectly divides the previous dividend. The algorithm's termination rule states that the greatest common divisor of the original pair is the last nonzero remainder, which is the divisor of this final exact division.

Conditions: The Euclidean algorithm has been applied to two positive integers.; A division step has produced a remainder of 0.; The inputs are 10 and 45.

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To begin the Euclidean algorithm for gcd⁡(1701,3768)\gcd(1701, 3768), place the larger number (3768) on the left side of the division equation and the smaller number (1701) as the divisor. Write 3768=1701⋅q+r3768 = 1701 \cdot q + r.

Conditions: The inputs are positive integers.; The larger number is used first on the left-hand side.; The quotient is an integer and the remainder satisfies 0≤r<17010 \le r < 1701.

Understand why

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A common divisor also divides the difference because division is interpreted as repeated subtraction. If a number divides evenly into the larger number and the smaller number, subtracting the smaller number repeatedly from the larger one will eventually leave a difference that the same divisor also divides evenly.

Conditions: There are two numbers in the example.; A chosen divisor divides evenly in the sense described by the speaker.; The subtraction is performed from the larger number using the smaller number.

Meet the concept

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In this video, the Euclidean algorithm is introduced as a method for finding the greatest common factor of two numbers. The presentation specifically demonstrates the subtraction version of the algorithm rather than the modulo version.

Conditions: Applies to two numbers in the worked example.; The video uses positive integer examples.

Understand why

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The Euclidean algorithm moves the old divisor to the left-hand side (new dividend) and the old remainder to the smaller-number position (new divisor) to recursively reduce the problem. This shift ensures that each subsequent division step operates on smaller numbers while preserving the greatest common divisor of the original pair, continuing until a remainder of zero is reached.

Conditions: The algorithm is applied to two positive integers.; The previous remainder is not zero.; The process continues until a remainder of 0 is obtained.

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To form the next division line, you take the divisor from the previous line and make it the dividend of the new line. Then, you take the remainder from the previous line and make it the divisor of the new line.

Conditions: You have just completed a division step in the Euclidean algorithm.; The previous remainder is not 0.

Meet the concept

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A common factor is a positive integer that divides each of the compared positive integers exactly. It appears in the positive-factor list of every number being compared.

Conditions: Compare two or more positive integers.; The common factor is positive and divides each target exactly.

Understand why

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The Taylor series for exe^x centered at 0 simplifies to sum xn/nx^n/n! because every derivative of exe^x is exactly exe^x. When evaluating the nth derivative at the center x=0x=0, the result is always e0e^0, which equals 1.

Conditions: f(x)=exf(x)=e^x; center a=0a=0